Samuel Sewall s The Salem Witch Trials - 954 Words

Samuel Sewall is a man known for many things from an education at Harvard, a judge of the Salem Witch Trials, and an author. Sewall is best known for The Selling of Joseph, one of the first anti slavery tracts printed in America (McMichael, 220). Ironically, Sewall who believed slavery was wrong, also had a very racist mentality despite his strong belief that every human being is a child of God. In The Selling of Joseph, he gives four objections to slavery as well as biblical support on why the act of purchasing someone is morally wrong. Sewall had four objections or proofs as to why slavery is not acceptable. In his first objection he refers to Exedous 9:20-27 which tells of a curse by Moses that was placed upon Canaan and Ham’s sons. Noah exclaimed â€Å"a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren!† Sewell tries to disprove the belief that if African Americans were truly descendants of Canaan then their slavery was God ordained. He states that â€Å"it is possible that by crust reading, this Text may have been mistaken† (Sewall, The Selling of Joseph, 222). Sewell hints that African Americans may actually not be direct desendants of Canaan so therefore the curse of slavery was not a commandment from the Lord. The second objection states that African Americans are brought out of a â€Å"Pagan† or evil country into a country that is good where the gospel is preached (Sewall, 222) Sewell defeats this theory by stating that â€Å"evil cannot be done, that good may come out of ità ¢â‚¬ Show MoreRelatedAccusation And Defense Of The Salem Witchcraft Trials1658 Words   |  7 PagesRESEARCH PAPER Accusation and defense in the Salem witchcraft trials Suraj Gamal History 1301-73001-73002 JOE L. MCCAMBRIDGE - HISTORY 1301-1302 One of the most infamous Trial in history took place on March 1, 1692. According, to the Library of Congress, Massachusetts authorities catechized Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and an Indian Slave, Tituba regarding their practice in witchcraft. The trial resulted in more than 150 men and women in and around Salem jailed on charges of practicing WitchcraftRead MoreSamuel Sewall : A Of Colonial History1686 Words   |  7 PagesSamuel Sewall can be considered a valiant figure in history. On its face, it seems paradoxical that one of the magistrates presiding over the brutal Salem witch trials should earn such a gallant label. However, Sewall was a courageous, forward thinker far ahead of his time. Aside from being the only judge to publicly apologize for his dealings in the witch trials, he attempted to invalidate slavery in his anti-slavery tract The Selling of Joseph. While these accomplishments may not be impressiveRead MoreSalem Witch Trials Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pages1692 marked a major event in history in the town of Salem, Massachusetts. 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Although it was ordinary practice for young girls to live with relatives to learn about housewifery, we know very little about Abigail, including where she was born and who her parents were.The traditional story about the beginning of the Salem Witch trials tellsRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials1784 Words   |  8 Pageschose to mediate the Salem witch trials in 1692, Samuel Sewall sat on the Court of Over and Termini, which would sentence nineteen people to execution by hanging. Very nearly five years after the trials closed, Sewall remained before the gathering of the South Church in Boston while Rev. Samuel Willard read his admission so anyone might hear. As the main judge from the trials to admit blame for the part that he played in the emergency that occurred in Salem in 1692, Samuel Sewall remains as a braveRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : A Series Of Events That Occurred3696 Words   |  15 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a series of events that occurred within the 1690 s in a puritan society called Salem Village. It started with people acting out due to unknown causes and sources. Citizens within Salem started to accuse the men and wome n who acted out as witches, increasing mistrust and hysteria within Salem. The numerous allegations lead to hearings and prosecutions of the people who were accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts. The trials resulted in the executions of twentyRead MoreThe Crucible And Salem Witch Trials Similarities790 Words   |  4 Pages2017 Salem Witch Trials and The McCarthy Era The United States of America is filled with many historic events, enriching its history. Many events that occur are compared to past events in our history. In particular, the McCarthy Era in the 1950’s was compared to the Salem Witch Trials which occurred in 1692. This correlation was first made by Arthur Miller who wrote the play â€Å"The Crucible†. He connected the time period of McCarthy to where there was a hunt for communists, to the Salem Witch TrialsRead MoreWhat Were The Salem Witch Trials1449 Words   |  6 PagesWere the Salem Witch Trials and What Were its Aftermaths? START OF WITCHCRAFT HYSTERIA A considerable lot of the American settlers carried with them, from Europe, a faith in witches and the devil. Amid the seventeenth century, individuals were often executed for being witches and worshiper of Satan. The Puritan town of Salem was home to where many executions of witches took place, more commonly known as the Salem witch trials. A scandalous scene in American history, the Salem witch trials of 1692Read MoreCause, Effect, And Importance Of The Salem Witch Trials1560 Words   |  7 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials took place in Salem Village, Massachusetts in the time of the colonies. During and after the Salem Witch Trials took place, there was confusion and anxiety not only in Massachusetts, but in the surrounding colonies. Throughout the trials, many were falsely accused and imprisoned, fined, hanged, and even crushed to death. In the next few pages, I will talk about the cause, effect, and importance of the Salem Witch Trials. The beginning of the trials started in January 1692Read MoreContext Origins Of The Salem Witch Trials1855 Words   |  8 PagesWessel HIST 2100 Due date Professor Sommerville The Salem Witch Trials CONTEXT ORIGINS OF THE SALEM WITCH TRIALS Belief in the supernatural–and specifically in the devil’s practice of giving certain humans (witches) the power to harm others in return for their loyalty–had emerged in Europe as early as the 14th century, and was widespread in colonial New England. In addition, the harsh realities of life in the rural Puritan community of Salem Village (present-day Danvers, Massachusetts) at the

Reflection About Happiness Emotions Of Happiness, And...

I consider myself a happy person and thought I knew why, yet watching the Happy movie, I learned a little more about why I am as well as why others may or may not be. For myself, a main point in the movie I reflected on about myself was how happy people can bounce back quickly from adversity. I have had my share of struggles such as ended relationships, losing a parent sibling, money, and some health issues. I share emotions of sadness, frustration, and even anger at times but these things to not stay with me for long. My friends say things like Im a Rainbows Unicorn person because I am known for positive outlooks for almost anything that crosses my path and another friend calls me a Mature 10-Year-Old because I really like to†¦show more content†¦Their philosophy on spending time with grandkids, getting plenty of sleep, drinking sake, getting together for tea, and communicating by dance for each other is what help them feel like family thus being happy and living long er. It was interesting that even after they die, they are now cremated and go into a coffin shared by all community members so even after they pass away, they are together. Looking to the mainland of Japan the opposite of happiness has become so common that they even developed the name Karoshi which means work to death. Japanese people literally become workaholics to the detriment of their happiness and health. It has become so common place for them that they have support groups to assist survivors and to help people break the cycle. As Daniel Gilbert said in the movie, You cant predict happiness so lets talk about what makes us happy. For me personally, there are the everyday people that light up my world which are my three kids, my significant other, and the kids Im blessed to have come into my life because of this relationship. I love to love these people. It also makes me incredibly happy to help other people so I do volunteer work such as the big Neighbors Day event in La Crosse, and my job as a nursing assistant is caring for people, some of which are in their most vulnerable state. Aside from these predictable ways to help others, I love the random ones. Being a tallerShow MoreRelatedThe Pursuit Of Happiness Is The Universal Search For A Life841 Words   |  4 Pages The pursuit of happiness is the universal search for a life an individual can feel content and satisfied with. However, as stated in class, happiness is a fleeting emotion rather than a prolonged state. Once an individual achieves a sense of happiness it is only a matter of time before they return to the starting point of their quest. Therefore, happiness alone is not enough to elicit a good life. On a similar note, in 2004, Professor Martin Seligman gave a TED talk that addressed the currentRead MoreThe Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living1629 Words   |  7 Pagesthink about the great problems facing humanity, their attention tends to turn to issues such as poverty, warfare, pollution, and disease. While these problems are important and urgent, there are other problems which are equally urgent, but often overlooked. Are human beings born with a map for life? Can that map lead people to happiness? If there is a map, every human being can attain happiness easily. Is there any map f or seeking happiness? How can people get hold of the ‘map’ to happiness? In orderRead MorePersonal Views On Philosophy And Philosophy893 Words   |  4 Pagesmeans to me, it was very confusing. I realized that happiness brought about different feelings and moral convictions not only from me but unexpected viewpoints from others. Memory finds its meaning, in large part, through key concepts with which it is paired and from which it is distinguished (J. Blustein 178). It has brought about unanswered questions that still make me second guess myself. Some of the questions I ask myself are, is happiness now? Or is what I do now, enabling me to reach eudaimoniaRead MoreJoy Is Not Just Happiness1170 Words   |  5 Pageshas become synonymous with both happiness and pleasure. We have diminished the meaning of the word by using it in place of the more appropriate terms in order to provide emphasis. C.S. Lewis takes more literal definition of joy, and so assigns it more signifi cance in his mind, separating it from any other emotion. Though he acknowledges that oftentimes happiness and pleasure occur simultaneously with joy, they are not the root cause, nor are they the same emotion. I think the best distinction LewisRead MoreWhy Money Can t Buy Happiness And Hustvedts My Mother1287 Words   |  6 PagesHappiness’ False Promises The articles for the week, Shermer’s â€Å"Why Money Can’t Buy Happiness† and Hustvedt’s â€Å"My Mother,† offer perspectives on happiness informed by theories of evolutionary psychology. Shermer and Hustvedt examine what it means to be happy and how our brains can fool us into believing we enjoy something when we actually don’t. These readings come at a crucial pinnacle in the semester for me when introspection is often ignored. While other classes seem to be on the downward slopeRead MoreNichiren Buddhism Is A Mahayana Sect Of Buddhism1543 Words   |  7 Pagesand karma. (Ourvan). As Nichiren aged, he saw corruption, arrogance of practitioners, and â€Å"devilish teachings† in many of the traditional Buddhist hierarchies including Zen and Nembutsu, and as a result, published works that contained information about the Louts Sutra, its teachings, and how an individual can achieve karma (40). Nichiren spent three years on an island in exile before retreating to mountainous terrain where he spent creating the Dai-Gohonzon, an inscription on a wooden board, forRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Forgiveness1308 Words   |  6 Pagesresponses (Witvliet et al., 2001). Bringing upon a more positive and healthy mental, physical, and emotional well-being. When an individual forgives another, they release themselves from a prison of hurt and vengeful emotion, which has been seen to reduce stress, negative emotions, have fewer cardiovascular problems, and improves their immune system (Witvliet et al., 2001). There are many important benefits to forgiveness, not on ly for the forgiver but also the one being forgiven. Forgiveness isRead MorePassion Essay : Passion And The Passion For Life983 Words   |  4 Pagesdo anything about it themselves. Speak with passion, teach with passion, lead with passion, love with passion, play with passion, and enjoy with passion. Someone who is passionate is intriguing to watch and to listen to. They are usually energizing to be around. In other words, passion is a feeling. It describes how we feel about something. So where does this feeling come from? Ancient Egyptians believed that the heart rather than the brain, was responsible for feelings and emotions and was theRead MoreAnalysis Of Pursuit Of Happiness By Kid Cudi1736 Words   |  7 Pages Pursuit of Happiness The rhetorical triangle is basically the starting point every songwriter uses to create their music. If not executed correctly the song could not be delivered right or loss in translation to the listeners. The triangle focuses on the audience, the communicator, and the message which comes together to create the content. An example of the use of the rhetorical triangle would be the song â€Å"Pursuit of Happiness† by Kid Cudi. This song could be interpreted in many differentRead More`` Laundry Day `` By Fran Kimmel1346 Words   |  6 Pagessuggests that getting rid of unhealthy relationship leads to happiness, the author uses the protagonist’s transformation, contrasting characters and symbols. In the short story â€Å"Laundry Day† Fran uses contrasting characters to demonstrate that quitting a bad relationship leads to happiness. First, Maxine, the dog represents happiness and Harvey, Gracie’s ‘ex’ represents unhealthy relationship. For example, when Gracie is looking at her reflection in the mirror, Gracie mentions that â€Å"Max found God in

Capital Doctrine Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Company Law and Capital Doctrine. Answer: Capital Doctrine The doctrine of capital is maintained by companies to receive appropriate consideration of shares so as to issue and receive such capital it might not repay to members excluding certain conditions. It is an essential principle of company law, as the doctrine highlights the duties of the company to aside the capital for the security of the creditors (Griggs, 2016). Thus, taking the permission to court to oversee to ensure capital is dissolute legally or not. Capital doctrine is maintained because of the following aspects; Dividend payment to shareholders Decreasing of the companys share capital Redemption of companys share History Of Capital Doctrine Capital doctrine is to be maintained so as to protect creditors interest and to assure the legal dissipation of the assets of the company. Courts are always worried to aside the capital of company intact so that the creditors can give credit to that capital by considering their credibility. Same has been described in the case of Trevor v Whitworth (Islam, 2015). Under Aveling Bar ford Ltd. V. Person Ltd, 13 it is found that during winding up of company, shareholders can recover their capital only if payments to all creditors are made to provide security to outside obligations of business. Benefits Of Doctrine The advantage of maintaining capital doctrine is that it contains a proper collection of rules which ensures, that capital is obtained by a company which was supposed to rise, and the capital is maintained to require the subject of the business for the security of creditors and for the benefit of the company. For example 257B states that buy back must be supported by all viable requirements stated in the section by providing proper definition of the same (Cassidy, 2006). The main purpose of the doctrine of capital maintenance is to avoid deception and fraudulence and to assure creditors by deducting share capital and ensuring liabilities of shareholders. For this 260A provides financial assistance before and after acquisition Exceptions Of The Doctrine Some expectations of this principle according to section 256B and 259A is as follows The company can reduce its share capital with the permission of the court. Shares can be redeemed buy company only if act allows. The company can purchase its own shares under a process set by thelaw (Islam, 2015). During winding up, if the debts of the company are paid, capital can be returned to the members References Cassidy, J., 2006. Concise Corporations Law. Federation Press. Griggs, L., 2016. The doctrinal coherence of the Torrens system of land registration in Australia: evolution or revolution?. Islam, M.S., 2015. The Doctrine of Capital Maintenance and its Statutory Developments: An Analysis. Northern University Journal of Law, 4, pp.47-55.

Employee Motivation Performance of Individuals

Question: Discuss about the Employee Motivation Performance of Individuals . Answer: Introduction: Employees are always looking for the best-paying jobs in their career. Individuals who are not satisfied with the salary they are paid with their employers always look for alternative job opportunities in competitive organizations that offer a better salary. Employees who are not contented with their salary are less motivated and delivers poor performance in their Job description. Money motivates individuals. This fact plays a prominent role for the organization management team to develop effective employee motivation strategies. Money and other financial services such as the provision of healthcare services and bonuses are the best employee motivation schemes that improves productivity and performance of employees in their workstations. Employee satisfaction increases the productivity and performance on a departmental level. Employees can be motivated by other financial services that include, promotion, provision of access to healthcare services, provision of bonuses and paid vacati on leave. Employee motivation gives individuals a sense of belonging to a company and creates a home away from home feeling for employees which intern generate profits to the company through the increase of productivity and performance in all departments within organizations. Theoretical framework of motivation in organization The three major theories that explain strategic plan of employee motivation in organizations are, McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory, Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory and Mc Gregor's Theory of X Theory Y.( Mind Tools 2015). Mc McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory can also be called the three needs theory. This theory focuses on the Acquired, motivation and learned needs as motivational factors of motivating employees. Individuals are motivated by different needs. Some appreciate being motivated in presence of crowds while others prefer being motivated privately. McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory explain that the most effective employee motivation strategy relies on feedback from the employees regarding challenges they face at work and also possible financial strains that distract them from performing well at work. The Theory of needs was developed by Abraham Maslow. This theory explains that the best monetary and financial motivations are offered depending on employees social, physical, cultural and financial need. Employees social, physical and cultural needs can be classified into safety needs, physiological needs, need for belonging, self-acquisition and self-esteem needs. McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory is a learned theory and it involves engagement of the management team to communicate with its employees to identify their special needs thus, making effective employee motivation decisions to empower unmotivated individuals in companies and organizations. McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory explains that regardless of employees age, culture or gender, individuals have one key dominant motivation driver. Key motivational driver depends on the life experience and culture of employees. The major dominants factors that affect employee motivation are achievements at work, affiliation, and influence of power. Some employees will be motivated when they achieve or accomplish challenging goals in the organization. Such employees should be rewarded using monetary and other financial rewards to enable them to maintain consistency in generating excellent performance at their workstations. Other employees get motivated when they are shown a sense of belonging. The management team can show their employees a sense of belonging by giving them good health care plan and by creating a safe working environment for their employees. (Yurtseven, G. 2012). In some instances, employees are motivated when they are given the power to influence and contro l others. The management team can promote the best performing employees to superior levels when there is a need to conduct internal appraisals as a motivational factor to encourage the best-performing employees to continue working hard towards achieving the organization goals and targets. Goal setting theory of motivation Effective goal setting theory was developed in 1979 by Stephen Murry. The theory explains that performance and motivation are effective when the management team develops competitive goals to its employees. (Goddy, I. (2014). Difficult goals push employees to their best abilities and results to positive returns in productivity of a company. Goal setting theory also explains that simple/ easily achievable goals make employees reluctant and in most situation, does not yield great performances as compared to challenging organizational goals. When goals are achieved, employees deserve monetary or other financial motivations to reenergize their efforts. Equity theory explains the perception of employees on how they are treated compared to other employees. Employees tend to discuss their salary, bonuses and other financial compensation when they are off duty with their colleagues. Equity theory explains that effective employee motivation should be done depending on factors such as education qualification, experience, and efforts of employees towards achieving organizational goals. Goddy, I. (2014). In any instance an employee might raise a concern about getting an inequitable reward, the management team is expected to revise their monetary or financial rewards offers to such distinct employees. Individuals who are satisfied with the equitable rewards they receive at work are in a position to give outstanding performance in productivity as oppose to employees who are affected with less profitable inequitable rewards. Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Theory was developed by Abraham Maslow. Abraham Maslow theory explained that employees need to be motivated depending on the lowest to the highest position they occupy in an organization.( McLeod, S. 2007). This theory covers; physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-fulfillment/ actualization respectively. Physiological, safety, social and esteem are referred to as the D-needs (deficiency needs). The D- needs keep the employees moving towards achieving short-term organizational goals and they highly affect the weekly and monthly target. Self-fulfillment/ actualization is also known as the growth need. The growth need determines if an employee will work for an organization for a long time or the employee will look for a better job opportunity in an alternative organization that offers better and attractive salary. Employers are advised to use effective employee monetary motivation strategies to maintain and sustain competitive employees in their organi zations. By embracing effective monetary and other financial rewards as key employment motivation strategy, employees are likely to improve their productivity in performance and deliver outstanding services in their workstations. Mc Gregor's Theory of X and Theory Y The theory of X and Y assumption depends on the hypothesis of human responsiveness towards instructions and eventually motivation from the management team. (McLeod, S. 2007). Theory X assumes that humans have inherited dislike of work. In most instances, they will avoid working and lazy around at work. The management team is expected to set tight goals and issue threats when goals are not achieved. However, when targeted goals are achieved in theory X, employees deserves to be rewarded for their efforts by the embrace of monetary and other financial motivational rewards. Theory Y of assumption explains that employees are likely to perform better when they are threatened in any instance they record poor performance to achieving an organizational goal. Employees embrace self-directions when they are given pressure to achieve organizational goals. When targets are achieved using this strategy, monetary and other financial rewards are used to appreciate the efforts of the employees towards achieving organizational goals. Behavioral Organizational Theories Behavioral organizational theory affecting monetary and other financial motivational rewards depend on scientific leadership, human relation approach, Decision-Making Approach and system approach. Scientific leadership strategy concentrates on the influence of an organizational management team to create competitive JD (Job Description) to enable employees to deliver outstanding performance at work. In this strategy, the management team recruits the most competitive employees to work on a given job description. Ones a competent Job description is created for employees, the management team studies the basic needs of specific employees and create best salary compensation to motivate the recruited employees. Human relation approach is a strategy developed to increase employee work performance by rewarding them depending on their financial needs. This strategy of motivating employees is used after the first rewards is given to a well-performing individual. During the first appraisal, the management team discusses financial objectives of a specific employee being motivated. Ones the management team has an idea of what the employees are expecting in return for their loyalty to the company, the management team sets goals for employees in their respective departments. When goals and objectives are achieved by a particular individual, the management team offers monetary and other financial motivation rewards to the employees as discussed in the meeting after their first appraisal. This strategy shows employees a sense of belonging to the organization and improves productivity and performance of the motivated employees. Decision-making approach is a self-accessed strategy developed by the management team to enable employees to embrace their IQ level in solving issues that arise in their departments of work. (Mind Tools (2015). Employees have the obligation to make effective decisions to increase productivity in their workstation. Effective decision-making practices can be enhanced through training of employees. The management team is expected to pay for training of their employees to empower them on becoming effective leaders in the company. This factor not only motivates employees but also improves specialization in generating high-quality performance of employees in their workstation. System approach strategy of employee motivation measures the input of the employee during their shifts and the output of the employees regarding services offered during their working hours. Employees daily, weekly, monthly and annual performance are recorded in their respective time process form and then updated in the ERP. In any instances when employees record high output compared to the input of their time, the management team is expected to offer such great performing individuals monetary or other financial rewards as a sign of appreciation of their hard work towards achieving organizational goals. Employee motivation enables the hardworking employees to embrace consistency in performance at the workstations. Potential organizational problem situations and proactive managerial interventions There are five main organizational problems that affect employee motivation. They are Low Self-Confidence, Low Expectations for Success, and lack of Interest in Subject Matter, Achievement Anxiety and Fear of Failure. (Nordmeyer, B. 2017). Low Self-Confidence Confidence is the key towards delivering outstanding performance to achieve organizational goals. Lack of confidence results to the poor performance of employees at their workstation. Great confidence enables individuals to be motivated and complete tasks assigned to their job description. Lack of confidence makes employees waste time and spend more time to complete a simple task. Confidence at work can be built by training employees on how to deliver quality performance at their workstation. It is the responsibility of the management team to organize staff training seminars to enlighten employees on how they can improve their ethical understanding and performance while working on their job description. Low Expectations for Success Low expectation of success affects the morale of the employee and has a negative impact towards achievements of targets and goals. Employees develop a low expectation of work through cultural inheritance when they are discouraged by unmotivated or jealous employees who do not see growth opportunities in their work. It is the responsibility of the management team to ensure that all employees are motivated to reduce instances when unmotivated employees might influence motivated employees with negative energy that might affect productivity and realization of organization goals. Lack of Interest in Subject Matter Lack of interest to responsibilities assigned to an employees job description can lead to waste of time and resources of the organization. In most instances, the employers employ employees and assign them a job description without discussing the duties that they are expected to perform in their respective departments. In such instances, the employees develop low self-confidence in their work and do not perform to the best of their ability. It is the responsibility of the management team to analyze why employees might not be performing well in their respective workstation and motivate them by offering paid training to enable them to handle duties listed in their JD that they are not well conversant to handle. When such employees improve their performance, a salary appraisal is recommendable to encourage them to maintain delivering good performance at work. Achievement Anxiety Employees anxiety affects the performance of productivity. In most organization, employee anxiety is created by the management team when they give heavy punishment to their employees who fail to achieve targets and goals of the company. Employee anxiety can also be developed when employees receive negative feedback which might demotivate them and distract them from improving on their weaknesses at work. It is the responsibility of the management team to identify strengths and weaknesses of employees and motivate them when they perform well in their workstation. In any instance they record poor performance at work, the management team is expected to study a root course analysis of the problem and create a strategy to strengthen the weaknesses of individuals to improve their productivity in performance at work. Fear of Failure Most employees develop a fear of failure attitude towards achieving organizational goals after receiving their first motivational reward. It is the role of the management team to develop achievable strategic goals that enable employees to be motivated and focus on accomplishing organizational targets. Individuals might develop a fear of being demoted after getting an appraisal when they fail to meet organizational goals developed by the management team. The management team is expected to develop better punishment for employees in such distinct scenarios to prevent social embracement. Social embarrassment can make an employee quit work. Comparison and critique regarding developments in organizational behavior Employee motivation using money and other financial services is one of the most effective strategies to increase the moral of employees to offer outstanding services at their departments. However, in order to establish the most effective employee motivational practices, the management team needs to analyze the financial background of a particular employee, identify their unique desires and use that information to develop the most effective strategy to motivate individuals. Failure to study employees financial background might lead to ineffective employee motivation which might intern have a low impact on the performance of the employed staff team. Nevertheless, because human beings are different from one another in terms of needs, culture, religion etc. so does what motivate them also varies. Some employees are motivated by financial and other incentives and some on financial incentives. (Goddy, I. 2014). Conclusion From the essay above, we have learned that employment motivation is the key factor that supports organizational growth. Financial and monetary motivation is an ideal employment motivation factor that triggers individuals commitment to work on duties assigned to their job description. An influential management team builds strong employer to employee relationship that enables the employer to understand the financial needs of employees. Solving employees financial needs makes them feel appreciated and increases the commitment of employees towards achieving organizational goal. Reference Dobre, I., (2013). Employee Motivation and Organizational Performance. ISSN: 2247-6172; ISSN-L: 2247-6172., Review of Applied Socio- Economic Research. (Volume 5, Issue 1/ 2013), pp. 53 Yurtseven, G., (2012). Importance of the motivational factors affecting employees satisfaction. International Business Research Vol. 5, No. 1. Goddy, I. (2014)., Monetary incentives motivates employees on organizational Performance. Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol.2, No.7, pp.61-69. Smith, W. (2017)., Behavioral Organizational Theories. (Online) Retrieved From: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/behavioral-organizational-theories-4963.html Retrieval date: 17th01/ 2017. Mind Tools (2015)., McClellands Human Motivation Theory: Discovering What Drives Members Of Your Team. (Online) Retrieved From: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/human-motivation-theory.htm Retrieval date: 17th01/ 2017. McLeod, S. (2007)., Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. (Online) Retrieved From: https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html Retrieval date: 17th01/ 2017. Hornstein, H. (2008)., Using a change management approach to implement it programs. (Online). Retrieved From: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/using-a-change-management-approach-to-implement-it-programs/ Retrieval date: 17th01/ 2017. Nordmeyer, B. (2017)., Top Five Employee Motivation Problems. (Online) Retrieved From: https://work.chron.com/top-five-employee-motivation-problems-22613.html Retrieval date: 17th01/ 2017. Jerome, N. (2013)., Application of the Maslows hierarchy of need theory; impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource and employees performance. International Journal of Business and Management Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 801X. Nolan C., Gregory R., AND Karen S. (2009). Responding to workplace romance: a proactive and pragmatic approach. The Journal of Business Inquiry 2009, 8, 1, http//www.uvu.edu/woodbury/jbi/articles 100-119. Brian, Tom. J, (2014)., Strategic Issues Management and Economic Impact Analysis: The Case Of Central State University. Journal of Case Research in Business and Economics Volume 5. Balaji, R., (2014)., Issues and challenges faced by Hr. managers in employee engagement in it sectors. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 6.

Standing Out in a Group Essay Example

Standing Out in a Group Essay Personal Learning Journal 1 Company Name: Fliers for Fires Mark Pond 12930775 Over the last 5 weeks I have come to learn a lot about my group not only in terms of working in unity as one company, but each member within it on an individual level. My first impression of the group was one of surprise and ambiguity as I was a little hesitant whether or not we would work well as a team. This is due to the fact we have six members spread across three totally different countries/cultures with these being America, Australia and Saudi Arabia. When initially getting together and meeting everyone for the first time our group suffered from a mild case of shy-ness which ultimately resulted in Groupthink. This phenomenon was most prominent when we were presenting our various ideas to the rest of the group because we all tried to minimize conflict and reach a consensus without critically testing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas. 1] Evidently, as time went on and we got to know one another on a more personal level both inside and outside of the classroom and the formation of ideas and group discussion evolved allowing us to bond as a group and establish the foundations of a promising company. Throughout the last 21 years of my life I have come to understand that I am a person of two differing characteristics. We will write a custom essay sample on Standing Out in a Group specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Standing Out in a Group specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Standing Out in a Group specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As such I have come to realize that I am both introverted and extroverted. When discussing matters as a group I become extremely introverted, unless I have pre-prepared what I wanted to say. This was prevalent in our first group meeting where we had to come up with ideas of what we could do for our project this semester. It was in this meeting that I held back from discussion and merely absorbed what others had to say. However, at the end of the meeting and after we learnt about brainstorming in class we all went away and formulated as many ideas as we could think of for potential events we could host. The following week when we re-gathered to express our ideas, I stole the thunder as I was well-prepared and had multiple proposals that could be used. It was during this meeting that our first concept (hosting a fair) was agreed upon and it so happened to be my idea that received the thumbs up/consensus from the rest of the group. After learning about Belbin’s team roles and completing the questionnaire, we as a group discovered a lot about one another. When comparing our results we discovered that we all seemed to fall under differing categories regarding our personality in terms of work ethic, organizational skills and how we could all contribute to the project. In saying so I was able to identify certain characteristics and traits from each group member, allowing me to assign them to a role within the company. My results are as follows: James Severance (CEO): Team Coordinator and monitor (great leadership skills) Luke Wilson: Shaper (due to his ability to propose various concepts on the same idea allowing us to create the best event within the idea we agree on) Alexey Potpov: Team Worker (he is good at contributing ideas and thoughts from all departments) Sarah Osman: Specialist (Sarah has excellent writing and drafting skills, as such she can specialize in editing and improving the report). Mohammed Almelahi: Team Worker, resource investigator Mark Pond (Myself): Team Worker, Completer/finisher, Implementer After having our idea of the fair being disproved by BUSA due to OHS issues, we were ultimately back at square one in terms of coming up with an idea for our project. After learning further in class about creativity and types of thinking we sat down and tried to implement what we had learnt. We discovered that there are two types of thinking: 1. Vertical thinking involving rational and logical steps resulting in an evaluative decision. The second type being lateral thinking, which is not as creative or logical and often results in distracted group members where their mind is everywhere but the task on hand. The second type of thinking was obvious when we sat down using the Delphi technique and tried to come up with a new idea that would be less prone to rejection. As such Luke, Alexey and myself were easily distracted and started discussing what we were going to do that night instead of trying to brain storm new ideas for the group. However, once we went away from one another and tried brainstorming on our own, Luke came up with an excellent idea that is now the forefront focus of our company. The most important element of our group is the way that no-one solely dominates group discussions. James our CEO does a wonderful job at getting the group focused and initiates conversation but in particular it is excellent the way he will move around the group and get ideas and opinions from everybody on each matter. This type of leadership works particularly well especially since Sarah and Mohammed are the quieter ones in the group. James’s ability to relate to the introverted-ness of some of our members allows for all individuals to speak up and provide their honest input into the decision making process. Due to the enthusiasm and initiative taken by our CEO James Severance, we are able to function as a group without any members being self-limited and overruled due to lack of expertise/knowledge on the subject. Furthermore as we have all proposed various ideas and come to a unanimous agreement on one event, no one has been pressured, undermined or bullied into agreeing to do anything they didn’t feel confident about compared to other groups that have experienced this dilemma. After studying the article ‘When members raise a White flag’ we were able to draw many aspects of how to create and maintain a well-rounded, on the ball, task orientated group. This article/exercise helped us become more accustomed to one another’s presence and allowed us to learn a little bit about each other in terms of teamwork, confidence in each member’s ability to not raise a white flag/give-up and ultimately establish certain goals and objectives we wish to achieve at the conclusion of the event. One of the most important things I have learnt over the past five weeks, is that in order for a team to function to the best of its ability, trust/friendship my first be established. At the start of the semester and after the groups had been chosen by the different CEO’s we found it difficult to connect as a group. This was because we didn’t know one another and the only reason we had to meet was because of the project at hand. However, as the week’s rolled over and we began to communicate outside of class, I felt that team unity was developing, especially between Luke, James and myself where we have started to call each other even when it’s not work related. This out of class friendship has strengthened our work ethic as a team and has increased the communication level between group members. I believe this has provided me with greater confidence to express my ideas and opinions and ultimately speak up a lot more than I did at the start when I was self-limiting myself due to not knowing anyone. After completing the Hofstede exercise on cultural dimensions in class this week, it was interesting to note the cultural differences between our group members. Unfortunately only Mohammed, James and myself were present for this exercise but at least I was able to determine the different quality’s between all three cultures in our group. As James is from USA, their wasn’t much of a difference between our cultures as our countries are very similar in almost every aspect. The biggest difference I discovered was with Mohammed’s cultural background. Mohammed is from Saudi Arabia and as such his country was found to have a relatively high power distance. In most circumstances this will relate to members from that country expressing their own ideas and not being suppressed by others even if they are in an authoritarian position. Most importantly however countries with this high power distance usually analyse and think about an idea before making any rash decisions and diving into the deep end of the pool. The fact that Mohammed simply agreed with everyone’s idea’s and didn’t propose any of his own had me startled as his culture would suggest that he do the exact opposite. Furthermore, anyone who comes from the Middle-East and in particular Saudi Arabia seems to be brought up in a very reserved and conservative society, where they must establish some sort of trust/friendship with someone before conducting business. Perhaps as Mohammed simply agreed with the ideas and didn’t really speak his mind he was intimidated by how quickly we got passed the ‘getting to know one another’ stage and was forced into ‘shy-ness’, thus becoming introverted. To date we have come along way as a group. Together we have overcome hurdles, had our proposal rejected by BUSA, further formulated ideas, built on our friendship’s on an individual level between group members and ultimately have had a great time thus far working as team ‘Fliers for Fires’. I feel that I still have a lot more to learn from/about my group members as they do about me, and I believe once we begin to put our proposal into action we have the commitment and ability to conduct a fantastic event with all proceeds going towards Victoria’s fire victims. [1] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Groupthink

WRACK TECHNIQUES Essay Example

WRACK TECHNIQUES Essay Example WRACK TECHNIQUES Essay WRACK TECHNIQUES Essay Maps were a symbol of power. Because the secrecy meant they got lost it also shows the reader that discoveries can be lost. In the shifting patterns of time This links to the reoccurring images of SHIFTING SANDS. And WRACK/WRECK/ SHIP. David and Kurt are linked by their mutual quest to discover/ rediscover the shipwreck. Their problems are symbolized by the shifting sands. The image of footprints both as a heading and within narratives suggests evidence -? someone has been there but couples with images of sand show evidence can be lost like the ship/wreck. Again history is inconclusive. USE OF NARRATIVES. There are 3 stories all interwoven Davits search, his current research. This collides with Curts story about his search. The writer uses Curts voice but it represents a problem for the reader as Kurt is articulate when we are told he is in a maze and rambles. We need to decide what is true and accurate. His monologues are reflective narratives and the events took place at least 50 years ago. How true would be the memory of a drug addict We also have to rely on his version of events. Both share similarities in they are emotionally damaged (Tania and Veronica) so the reader discovers and speculates about the nature of relationships. The second story is Davits quest for both the ship and for some contentment in his personal life. His Story is revealed by 3rd person narration . David is tormented by his wifes death and is struggling to find love and friendship with Claire.. The description oftener relationship draws on the language of navigation and discovery. She is seen as undiscovered country p. 2 and David is a battered vessel. The narrator suggests there is no map for love Trust in mass is like trust in love little is what it seems. Both stories suggest on a personal level that the mind is uncharted and difficult to understand. We see Claire working at self-discovery. David too has to navigate through his emotions; his grief to find some middle ground with Claire. The third story is about the age of discovery. This involves comments about maps along with examples some true some not of explorers. All serve to suggest science is not exact and the process of discovery holds many angers. The historical narrative uses a factual and formal language to contrast the richer more poetic language of the 3rd person narrator. All three stories are linked by the theme of discovery and the metaphors and symbols of sand, ghosts and the idea that there are no exact sciences in the process of discovery both concrete and personal. THE SETTINGS Setting and weather e. G. Rain, wind are an important technique in the novel shadowing the emotional state of characters. Curts story is set against the backdrop of World War 2 and fall of Singapore. The chaos of their world was eke the chaos in their personal life. Ironically it was only in midst of this chaos and destruction that Veronica can finally admit her love. It has been suggested Singapore was symbolic because it heralded the fall of the British Empire which in the historical narratives shows white men triumph over indigenous people and rewrite their history and geography. THE BEACH SHACK. Was a perfect location for the isolation Kurt craved for his escape from the world. The dilapidated state of the shack represents the physical and moral decay of Kurt. Claire calls it a sinkhole THE SAND DUNES AND SEA. Symbolism the mysterious and uncertain nature of the past history. The sand and sea suggest shift and change the remote nature of the dunes reinforce the characters isolation and loneliness. The landscape is both beautiful and dangerous as shown by the dead body and the suggestions of landmines during the war years. The very suggestion of a ship wreck shows the dangers present then and now. The sea used for so many journeys can bring wealth, prosperity but can also destroy. Claire takes joy in swimming in the sea. THE UNIVERSITY allows the writer to develop his ideas about the tauter and process of academic discovery and coupled with the historical narratives provides many of the reasons why people embark on discoveries.

Economics Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics Environment - Essay Example The central bank of the economy takes its part for issuing such government debts by debt selling in the bond market and in the debt market. Generally the financial institutions of the economy buy such government bonds but the individual citizens of the nation are also allowed to buy the bonds and the national savings certificates. However, when the government caries forward a budget deficit plan regarding its public expanses for a very long time period, the total amount of deficit then called as government debt. In this situation some part of spending of the government used for reimbursement of such debts. (Budget Deficit, n.d.). A deficit financing through public borrowing generally leads to increase in aggregate demand in the economy and therefore stimulate the economic activities so as to increase the growth and level of employment in the economy. At the end of the Second World War Britain got relief from the huge deficits of the war. Government expenditure was mobilized to the other sectors of the economy. But with the rise of military expenditure in 1950 in Korea, the UK government had to take a deficit budgetary policy that led the amount of deficit to reach to almost 4 percent of GDP in 1953. With the entering in the period of cold war Britain took the policy of fiscal activism between 1950 and 1960. The amount of deficit fluctuated from 2 to 3 percent of GDP in almost every year up to 1967 when the deficit rouse again to 4 percent of the GDP. The government immediately took fiscal tightening measurements that ultimately resulted in surplus in 1969 and 1970. However, fluctuation inn deficit became ver y apparent after 1970 and in 1973 the deficit again came back to 4 percent of GDP. The situation further eroded when the deficit touched almost 7.3 percent in 1975 with the significant effect of the post war recession. This situation insisted the

Answer quesitons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer quesitons - Essay Example This can cause confusion, and much worse. Sometimes people even use this confusion to promote their own goals, politically or otherwise. This is what has happened with the current climate change debate. An objective look and scientific data show that climate change is in fact happening, that, historically, a shifting climate rather than a stable climate is the norm on Earth, and there is a relationship between carbon in the atmosphere and global temperature – though there are also a great deal of complicating factors as well. On the one hand, it would appear that it is very difficult to establish a historical trend of world temperatures – we have only been measuring and recording temperatures for around the past one hundred and fifty years – before that we supposedly know very little. And on the surface this is true, we do not know exactly what temperature existed before the current period. But this belies the fact that there are excellent proxy measurements that have been shown to be relatively accurate when calibrated to current temperatures. We have ice-core samples that demonstrate how much snow has fallen in particular years, which can give a rough gauge of temperatures (National Research Council), as well as tree rings which show how well trees grew in a particular year (NRC). This data, when taken collectively and studied with statistical and scientific eye, can give a relatively accurate approximation of temperature over the last two thousand years. This can be combined with histori cal records (good and bad harvests, for instance, or records of when lakes and rivers freeze and when they do not), to be extra sure that the calibration is accurate, which has been done by several scientists/historians (Edwards 129). But this is something that lay people have a hard time understanding, which might cause some to doubt their findings. These

How Well Do We Know the Arab Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How Well Do We Know the Arab Culture - Essay Example All Arabs are Muslims because there are Arab Christians found in many places of the Arab world, and only between 15-18% of Arabs are Muslims. Certain beliefs in culture and tradition are found to be untrue in a document presented by the OFDCSI. For instance, for a long time, I held on to the idea that Arab males are wealthy oil magnates, terrorists, and mad dictators and any association with them are dangerous. These are types of perceptions that are most common with lack of understanding. Facts from research disprove this and showed that Arabs have diverse economic segments of the population and there are also poor people among them. Because of terrorism that relates to Arabs, I perceived them to be mad dictators and have nothing in mind but bring chaos to the western world. Readings from OFDCSI again proved me wrong as madness cannot thrive in different political system adhered to by Arabs; they could not be terrorists because a majority of the citizens are law-abiding, keep famili es and employed in the variety of occupations. Arabs are concerned about modesty, and that is the reason why Arab women are clothed in full-length cover, and most devoted women could be seen covering even their faces. Traditional garbs for men are robes, but headdresses indicate the tribe from which they belong. Today, according to OFDCSI, Arab men wear a mix of western clothing because now they wear t-shirts and jeans along with traditional garb. Arab women differ with western culture when it comes to subordination to men. OFDCSI refers to this culture as being subordinate to men in varying degrees; for instance, it is very restrictive in Arabian Peninsula and undisturbed in urban areas of Lebanon, Syria, and Egypt. It is expected that foreigners respect the privacy of women role in the Arab world.  

Does Descartes Successfully Prove The Existence Of God Philosophy Essay

Does Descartes Successfully Prove The Existence Of God Philosophy Essay Descartes arch mission in the Meditations was to provide a theory that would help him get to the truth. Descartes book Meditations on First Philosophy consists of six meditations through which he addresses several uncertain issues in attempt to remove their uncertainties. Maybe the most essential meditation he speaks of is the third meditation in which he discusses the debatable issue of The Existence of God. Although the existence of God is an objective matter, Descartes method in proving this existence is perhaps the most efficient in removing any shadow of doubt which a person might have. This method, which will be further discussed, has its own imperfections and therefore it was fairly easy for doubters to come up with rebuttals and hence, the matter remains objective. Descartes begins his third meditation discussing the existence of himself and regards himself as a thinking thing. In addition to that, he erases any doubts having to do with his sensory experience saying that although he knows his sensory perception and imagination may not exist outside him, however, they do exist inside him and are means of thinking. This that has been said previously does help Descartes approach the truth he seeks but is still not sufficient. Furthermore he continues by saying that a person cannot exist independently; human beings were created by an infinite substance; a being that is eternal, independent and has the highest power plus intelligence. This infinite substance is the reason for the existence of human beings and everything surrounding them, this infinite substance is God. The existence of God to Descartes is a necessity and a crucial matter especially after he established that in order to exist as finite beings, an infinite substance must exist to create us. In previous meditations, Descartes talked about how doubts and desires come from an interpretation that people lack certain things and that people would not notice this lack if it werent for the existence of a more ideal presence that has the things lacked by people. Furthermore, Descartes saw that there is no reason to doubt the existence of God since his perception and understanding of God is an infinite reality and therefore is more likely to be authentic than other conceptions. Having inferred that God essentially exists, Descartes asks himself how he acquired the idea of God. That being said, he advised three types of ideas: Adventitious, factitious, and innate. Adventitious ideas are derived from knowledge that we encounter through life. Factitious ideas are ideas come from our creative imagination. Innate ideas come from within and so from this definition, Descartes considers God to exist as an idea which we were born with and which God himself placed in us. Descartes distinct and clear perception is that God exists as perfection. In order to be labeled as a betrayer, one must have defects and faults. Furthermore, since Descartes sees God as a faultless and infinite being, then God could not be a betrayer or a deceiver. Cogito, ergo sum is a Latin phrase meaning I think, therefore I am and which Descartes quotes. He then explains that as the cogito is there, so should the existence of God. Although meditation three mainly discusses the existence of God, Descartes raises the issue again in meditation five. Meditation five: The essence of material things, and the existence of God considered a second time, includes three principle matters. The first topic covers the essence of matter. The second topic discusses the ontological argument for Gods existence and the third matter involves getting to the route to perfect knowledge. In this meditation, Descartes distinguishes between two things; the essence and the existence. Before knowing of an existing thing, one must be aware of its essence. What he means by that is, knowing the essence of things is to find out whether these certain things could possibly exist and not be actually there. However, we will further see that this does not apply to God, and that God serves as an exception in this matter. Descartes was strongly against Aristotles argument of the essence. To Aristotle, one learns the essence of a triangle by observing and examining surrounding triangular objects. While Descartes says that we acquire knowledge of the essence mainly through the intellect and after that being done will we be able to observe objects in the world resembling triangles. Adding to that, Descartes continues with his argument against Aristotles belief and says that since there are no perfect triangles in the real world then how will we be able to understand them if they do not exist? He also discusses the issue of mathematically abstract equations which we have learned but have not derived from whats surrounding us in our world. He then decides to turn this argument of essence to a more important issue which is proving the existence of God a second time now. However, this second proof shows to be weaker than the one he has discussed in his third meditation. The fact that he considers he should add more proof in this meditation makes us wonder, is he not sure of his first proof? The proof he provides in the fifth meditation is a form of proof that was used amongst scholastic philosophers. We have already established that our formulated idea of God equals a perfect and infinite being. Hence, that would necessarily include existence; it would be considered ideal to exist than not to exist. According to the Descartes, the term existence is not just considered a characteristic of God but a crucial feature of Gods, so that means God cannot be created without associating existence with him. After that proof was known to people and philosophers, Kant pointed out that it contained flaws since he does not agree with the fact that existence defines and object. To Kant, existence does not accommodate a certain object as much as it accommodates the world. Therefore he concludes that existence is not a property of Gods. Although Descartes provided many explanations regarding his proofs, they still remain very objective thus raising many counter arguments presented by people and philosophers. Descartes claim that we have a clear and distinct idea of an infinite being is not a valid statement because we do not in any way have a clear idea of this infinite being. That being said, when we are able to think of an ideal being does not follow that this ideal being we are thinking of actually exists. Thinking of something does not validate its existence or make it actually exist. Furthermore, even if we have an idea of God within us, it does not necessarily mean that God put that idea in us. Our ideas are not all innate, we do possess adventitious ideas which enable us to think and imagine creatively thus creating the idea of God. In order for God to be able to create himself and exist independently, he must own the attribute of timelessness, and we cannot just assume that he does own that property; hence, we cannot say that God is the reason he exists. If we allow something to be there without a cause then we would be going against our nature, and if we do allow it, then how does that stop everything else from existing without a cause? These arguments are not denying the existence of God, they are just justifying that Descartes proofs and discussions are presented in a weak manner and do not successfully prove the existence of God. Descartes does present himself as an intelligent person with rational discussions, but has failed to provide much rational explanations with regards to the existence of God. Since the beginning of his meditations, Descartes did classify that his thoughts of God present God as a perfect infinite being and then he classified himself as an imperfect being. This poses a problem; how can an imperfect person decide and define which properties exist as being perfect and which do not? When he says that, it is as if he is saying that his judgments and explanations are as ideal as his idea of God. To conclude matters, it is possible to think of God and an imperfect being. However that does not summon the things I think of to existence. Every person can have a different thought or image of God according to his/her way of thinking. That is why, the existence of God remains a debatable issue and is very much objective regardless of the different present religions.

Wilderness Survival :: essays research papers

Whether you are simply going camping at a commercial campground, taking a short hike, or backpacking into a pristine wilderness area... be prepared. Never leave to chance those few articles that may become lifesavers. Above all, always let someone know your itinerary and the time you plan to return. The following is a list of items that should be included in a basic survival kit: bodyOffer(17619)You May Be Owed Unclaimed Money To Find Out, Enter Your Last Name Here: 1.Waterproof matches (stick matches in a 35mm film container) or a disposable lighter. 2.Fire starter 3.Rigid blade knife (Preferably serrated on one side of the blade) w/ sheath 4.Folding saw 5.Compass 6.Map of the area you are in 7.Signal mirror 8.Flashlight 9.Plastic tarp 10.50 to 100 feet of nylon cord (1/8 inch is adequate) 11.First aid kit 12.Coins for pay phones (here again a 35mm film container works well) 13.Full canteen 14.Emergency food rations 15.Water purification tablets/filter. 16.Fish hooks and fishing line 17.Police whistle 18.Toilet paper Fire: When starting a fire find dry wood. Use the inner bark of trees, or look for the dead branches at the very bottom of fir trees. These are dead because they were denied sunlight by the branches above them. These same branches have probably protected them from getting wet. Start your fire small and gradually increase its size. Tinder will greatly enhance your chance for success. Take small branches and shred then with a knife o r your fingers. You can use dead grass, bird’s nests, wasp nests (unoccupied of course), inner bark from dead trees, or a strip of cloth from the tail of your shirt. Use anything that will ignite quickly. Place this in the center. Around this, build a teepee of small dry twigs. Once this is burning, slowly feed your fire with larger and larger pieces of wood. Always making sure the fire is burning freely before you progress to a larger piece of wood. Once this fire is burning do not let it go out. bodyOffer2() Shelter: Do not make the mistake of trying to construct a large shelter. Make it just large enough to accommodate you. This is important, especially in cold climates, because you are going to have to heat it. Use the materials at hand. Dig out a pit and line it with something to insulate you from the ground. Your body heat can be lost very quickly lying on the bare ground. Wilderness Survival :: essays research papers Whether you are simply going camping at a commercial campground, taking a short hike, or backpacking into a pristine wilderness area... be prepared. Never leave to chance those few articles that may become lifesavers. Above all, always let someone know your itinerary and the time you plan to return. The following is a list of items that should be included in a basic survival kit: bodyOffer(17619)You May Be Owed Unclaimed Money To Find Out, Enter Your Last Name Here: 1.Waterproof matches (stick matches in a 35mm film container) or a disposable lighter. 2.Fire starter 3.Rigid blade knife (Preferably serrated on one side of the blade) w/ sheath 4.Folding saw 5.Compass 6.Map of the area you are in 7.Signal mirror 8.Flashlight 9.Plastic tarp 10.50 to 100 feet of nylon cord (1/8 inch is adequate) 11.First aid kit 12.Coins for pay phones (here again a 35mm film container works well) 13.Full canteen 14.Emergency food rations 15.Water purification tablets/filter. 16.Fish hooks and fishing line 17.Police whistle 18.Toilet paper Fire: When starting a fire find dry wood. Use the inner bark of trees, or look for the dead branches at the very bottom of fir trees. These are dead because they were denied sunlight by the branches above them. These same branches have probably protected them from getting wet. Start your fire small and gradually increase its size. Tinder will greatly enhance your chance for success. Take small branches and shred then with a knife o r your fingers. You can use dead grass, bird’s nests, wasp nests (unoccupied of course), inner bark from dead trees, or a strip of cloth from the tail of your shirt. Use anything that will ignite quickly. Place this in the center. Around this, build a teepee of small dry twigs. Once this is burning, slowly feed your fire with larger and larger pieces of wood. Always making sure the fire is burning freely before you progress to a larger piece of wood. Once this fire is burning do not let it go out. bodyOffer2() Shelter: Do not make the mistake of trying to construct a large shelter. Make it just large enough to accommodate you. This is important, especially in cold climates, because you are going to have to heat it. Use the materials at hand. Dig out a pit and line it with something to insulate you from the ground. Your body heat can be lost very quickly lying on the bare ground.

A Dirty Job Chapter 15

15 THE CALL OF BOOTY Fuck puppets,† Ray said out of nowhere. He was on the stair-climbing machine next to Charlie and they were both sweating and staring at a row of six, perfectly tuned female bottoms aimed at them from the machines in front of them. â€Å"What was that?† Charlie said. â€Å"Fuck puppets,† Ray said. â€Å"That's what they are.† Ray had talked Charlie into coming to his health club with him under the pretense of getting him into the flow of being single. Actually, because Ray was an ex-cop, watched people more closely than really was healthy, had too much time on his hands, and didn't get out much himself, the real reason he asked Charlie to come work out with him was so he could get to know him outside of the shop. He'd noticed a strange pattern that had developed since Rachel's death, of Charlie showing up with people's property shortly after their obituary appeared in the paper. Because Charlie kept to himself socially and was secretive about what he did when he was out of the shop, not to mention all the little animals that ended up dead in Charlie's apartment, Ray suspected that he might be a serial killer. Ray decided to try to get close to his boss and find out for sure. â€Å"Keep your voice down, Ray,† Charlie said. â€Å"Jeez.† Since Ray couldn't turn his head, he was talking right at the women's butts. â€Å"They can't hear me; look, every single one has on a headset.† He was right, every one of them was talking on a cell phone. â€Å"You and I are invisible to them.† Having actually been invisible to people, or nearly so, Charlie did a double take. It was midmorning and the gym was full of lean spandex-clad women in their twenties with disproportionately large breasts, perfect skin, and expensive hair, who seemed to have the ability to look right through him the way that everyone did when he was in pursuit of a soul vessel. In fact, when he and Ray had first come into the gym, Charlie had actually looked around for some object, pulsing red, thinking that he might have missed a name on his date book that morning. â€Å"After I was shot I dated a physical therapist that worked here for a while,† Ray said. â€Å"She called them that: fuck puppets. Every one of them has an apartment that some older executive guy is paying for – just like he paid for the health-club membership and the fake tits. They spend their days getting facials and manicures, and their nights under some suit out of his suit.† Charlie was wildly uncomfortable with Ray's litany, talking about these women who were only a couple of feet away. Like any Beta Male, he would have been wildly uncomfortable in the presence of so many beautiful women anyway, but this made it worse. â€Å"So like they're like trophy wives?† Charlie said. â€Å"Nuh-uh, like wannabe trophy wives. They don't get the guy, the house, whatever. They just exist to be his perfect piece of ass.† â€Å"Fuck puppets?† Charlie said. â€Å"Fuck puppets,† said Ray. â€Å"But forget them, they're not why you're here.† Ray was right, of course. They weren't why Charlie was there. Five years had passed since Rachel's death, and everyone had been telling him he needed to get back in the game, but that's not why he agreed to accompany the ex-cop to the gym. Because Charlie spent too much time on his own, especially since Sophie had started school, and because he'd been hiding a secret identity and avocation, he'd started to suspect that everyone might have one. And since Ray kept to himself, talked a lot about people in the neighborhood who had died, and because he really didn't seem to have a social life beyond the Filipino women he contacted online, Charlie suspected Ray might be a serial killer. Charlie thought he'd try to get closer to Ray and find out. â€Å"So they're like mistresses?† Charlie said. â€Å"Like in Europe?† â€Å"I suppose,† Ray said. â€Å"But did you ever get the impression that mistresses worked this hard to look good? I think fuck puppet is more accurate, because when they get too old to hold the attention of their guy, they've got nothing more going. They'll be done, like marionettes with no one at the strings.† â€Å"Jeez, Ray, that's harsh.† Maybe Ray is stalking one of these women, Charlie thought. Ray shrugged. Charlie looked up and down the line of perfect derrieres, then felt the weight of his years alone or in the company of a child and two giant dogs, and said, â€Å"I want a fuck puppet.† Aha! thought Ray. He's picking a victim. â€Å"Me, too,† he said. â€Å"But guys like us don't get fuck puppets, Charlie. We just get ignored by them.† Aha! Charlie thought. The bitter sociopath comes out. â€Å"So that's why you brought me here, so I could show I was out of shape in front of gorgeous women who wouldn't notice?† â€Å"No, the fuck puppets are fun to look at, but there's some normal women who come here, too.† Who won't talk to me either, Ray thought. â€Å"Who won't talk to you either,† Charlie said. Because they can tell that you are a psychokiller. â€Å"We'll see in the juice bar after our workout,† Ray said. Where I'll sit at an angle so I can watch you pick your victim. You sick fuck, they thought. Charlie awoke to find not one, but three new names in his date book, and the last one, a Madison McKerny, had only three days for him to retrieve her soul vessel. Charlie kept a stack of newspapers in the house and, typically, would go back for a month looking for an obituary of his new client. More often, if the hellhounds would give him some peace, he would simply wait for the name to appear in the obituary section, then go find the soul vessel when it was easy to get into the house, with mourners or posing as an estate buyer. But this time he had only three days, and Madison McKerny hadn't appeared in the obituaries, so that meant she was probably still alive, and he couldn't find her in the phone book either, so he was going to need to get moving quickly. Mrs. Ling and Mrs. Korjev liked to do their marketing on Saturdays, so he called his sister, Jane, and asked her to come watch Sophie. â€Å"I want a baby brother,† Sophie announced to her Auntie Jane. â€Å"Oh, sweetie, I'm sorry, you can't have a baby brother, because that would mean that Daddy had sex, and that's never going to happen again.† â€Å"Jane, don't talk to her that way,† Charlie said. He was making sandwiches for them and wondering why he always got stuck making the sandwiches. To Sophie, he said, â€Å"Honey, why don't you go in your room and play with Alvin and Mohammed, Daddy needs to talk with Auntie Jane.† â€Å"Okay,† Sophie said, skipping off to her room. â€Å"And don't change clothes again, those are fine,† Charlie said. â€Å"That's the fourth outfit she's had on today,† he said to Jane. â€Å"She changes clothes like you change girlfriends.† â€Å"Ouch. Be gentle, Chuck, I'm sensitive and I can still kick your ass.† Charlie spanked some mayonnaise onto a whole wheat slice to show he was serious. â€Å"Jane, I'm not sure it's healthy for her to have all these different aunties around. She's already had a hard time losing her mother, and now you've moved away – I just don't think she should keep getting attached to these women only to have them yanked out of her life. She needs a consistent female influence.† â€Å"First, I have not moved away, I've moved across town, and I see her every bit as often as when I lived in the building. Second, it's not like I'm promiscuous, I'm just shitty at relationships. Third, Cassie and I have been together for three months, and we're doing fine so far, which is why I've moved out. And fourth, Sophie did not lose her mother, she never had her mother, she had you, and if you're going to be a decent human being, you need to get laid.† â€Å"That's what I mean, you can't talk like that in front of Sophie.† â€Å"Charlie, it's true! Even Sophie can see it. She doesn't even know what it is and she can tell that you're not getting any.† Charlie stopped constructing sandwiches and came over to the counter. â€Å"It's not sex, Jane. It's human contact. I was getting my hair cut the other day and the hairdresser's breast rubbed against my shoulder and I almost came. Then I almost cried.† â€Å"Sounds like sex to me, little brother. Have you been with anyone since Rachel died?† â€Å"You know I haven't.† â€Å"That's wrong. Rachel wouldn't want that for you. You have to know that. I mean she took pity on you and hooked up with you, and that couldn't have been easy for her, knowing she could do so much better.† â€Å"Took pity on me?† â€Å"That's what I'm saying. She was a sweet woman, and you're much more pitiful now than you were then. You had more hair then, and you didn't have a kid and two dogs the size of Volvos. Hell, there's probably some order of nuns that would do you now, just as a holy act of mercy. Or penance.† â€Å"Stop it, Jane.† â€Å"The Sisters of Perpetual Nookiless Suffering.† â€Å"I'm not that bad,† Charlie said. â€Å"The Holy Order of Saint Bonny of the BJ, patron saint of Web porn and incurable wankers.† â€Å"Okay, Jane, I'm sorry I said that about you changing girlfriends. I was out of line.† Jane leaned back on her bar stool and crossed her arms, looking satisfied but skeptical. â€Å"But the problem remains.† â€Å"I'm fine. I have Sophie and I have the business, I don't need a girlfriend.† â€Å"A girlfriend? A girlfriend is too ambitious for you. You just need someone to have sex with.† â€Å"I do not.† â€Å"Yes, you do.† â€Å"Yes, I do,† Charlie said, defeated. â€Å"But I have to go. Are you okay to watch Sophie?† â€Å"Sure, I'm going to take her to my place. I have an obnoxious neighbor up the street that I'd like to introduce to the puppies. Will they poop on command?† â€Å"They will if Sophie tells them.† â€Å"Perfect. We'll see you tonight. Promise me you'll ask someone out. Or at least look for someone to ask out.† â€Å"I promise.† â€Å"Good. Did you get that new blue pinstripe tailored yet?† â€Å"Stay out of my closet.† â€Å"Don't you need to get going?† Ray figured that it had probably started when Charlie murdered all those little animals he brought home for his daughter. Maybe buying the big black dogs was a cry for help – pets that someone would really notice being gone. According to the movies, they all started out that way – with the little animals, then before long they moved up to hitchhikers, hookers, and pretty soon they were mummifying a whole flock of counselors at some remote summer camp and posing the crusty remains around a card table in their mountain lair. The mountain lair didn't fit the profile for Charlie, since he had allergies, but that might just be an indication of his diabolical genius. (Ray had been a street cop, so it hadn't really been necessary for him to study criminal profiling, and his theories tended toward the colorful, a side effect of his Beta Male imagination and large DVD collection.) But Charlie had asked Ray to use his contacts on the force and at the DMV a half-dozen times to locate people, all of whom ended up dead a few weeks later. But not murders. And while a lot of items belonging to the recently deceased had turned up in the shop in the last few years (Ray had found antitheft numbers etched on a dozen items and called them in to a friend on the force who identified the owners), none of them had been murdered either. There were a few accidents, but mostly it was natural causes. Either Charlie was devious to an extraordinary degree, or Ray was out of his mind, a possibility that he didn't discount completely, if for no other reason than he had three ex-wives who would testify to it. Thus, he'd devised the workout ruse to draw Charlie out. Then again, Charlie had always treated him really well, and if it turned out he didn't have a mountain lair full of mummified camp counselors, Ray knew he'd feel bad about tricking him. What if there was nothing wrong with Charlie except that he needed to get laid? Ray was chatting with Eduardo, his new girlfriend at when Charlie came down the back steps. â€Å"Ray, I need you to find someone for me.† â€Å"Hang on a second, I have to sign off. Charlie, check out my new squeeze.† Ray pulled up a photo on the screen of a heavily made-up but attractive Asian woman. â€Å"She's pretty, Ray. I can't give you any time off right now to go to the Philippines, though. Not until we hire someone to take Lily's shifts.† Charlie leaned into the screen. â€Å"Dude, her name is Eduardo.† â€Å"I know. It's a Filipino thing, like Edwina.† â€Å"She has a five-o'clock shadow.† â€Å"You're just being a racist. Some races have more facial hair than others. I don't care about that, I just want someone who is honest and caring and attractive.† â€Å"She has an Adam's apple.† Ray squinted at the screen, then quickly clicked off the monitor and spun around on the stool. â€Å"So who do you need me to find?† â€Å"It's okay, Ray,† Charlie said. â€Å"An Adam's apple doesn't preclude someone from being honest, caring, and attractive, it just makes it less likely.† â€Å"Right. It was just bad lighting, I think. Anyway, who do you need to find?† â€Å"All I have is the name Madison McKerny. I know he or she lives in the city, but that's all I know.† â€Å"It's a she.† â€Å"Pardon me?† â€Å"Madison, it's a stripper's name.† Charlie shook his head. â€Å"You know this woman?† â€Å"I don't know her, although the name seems familiar. But Madison is a new-generation stripper name. Like Reagan and Morgan.† â€Å"Lost me, Ray.† â€Å"I've spent some time in strip joints, Charlie. I'm not proud of it, but it's sort of what you do when you're a cop. And you pick up on the pattern of stripper names.† â€Å"Didn't know that.† â€Å"Yeah, and there's sort of a progression going back to the fifties: Bubbles, Boom Boom, and Blaze begat Bambi, Candy, and Jewel, who begat Sunshine, Brandy, and Cinnamon, who begat Amber, Brittany, and Brie, who begat Reagan, Morgan, and Madison. Madison is a stripper name.† â€Å"Ray, you weren't even alive in the fifties.† â€Å"No, I wasn't alive during the forties either, but I know about World War Two and big-band music. I'm into history.† â€Å"Right. So, I need to look for a stripper? Doesn't help. I don't even know where to start.† â€Å"I'll go through the DMV and the tax records. If she's in town we'll have an address on her by this afternoon. Why do you need to find her?† There was a pause while Charlie pretended to find a smudge on the glass of the counter display case, wiped it away, then said, â€Å"Uh, it's an estate thing. One of the estates we got recently had some items that were left to her.† â€Å"Shouldn't the executor of the estate take care of that, or his lawyer?† â€Å"It's minutiae, not named in the will. The executor asked me to handle it. There's fifty bucks in it for you.† Ray grinned. â€Å"That's okay, I was going to help anyway, but if she turns out to be a stripper I get to go with you, okay?† â€Å"Deal,† Charlie said. Three hours later Ray gave the address to Charlie and watched as his boss bolted out of the shop and grabbed a cab. Why a cab? Why not take the van? Ray wanted to follow, needed to follow, but he had to find someone to cover the store. He should have anticipated this, but he'd been distracted. Ray had been distracted since talking to Charlie, not just by the search for Madison McKerny, but also because he was trying to figure out how to work â€Å"Do you have a penis?† casually into the conversation with his sweetheart, Eduardo. After a couple of teasing e-mails, he could stand it no longer and had just typed out, Eduardo, not that it makes any difference, but I'm thinking of sending you some sexy lingerie as a friendship present, and I wondered if I should make any special accommodations for the panties. Then he waited. And waited. And granted that it was five in the morning in Manila, he was second-guessing himself. Had he been too vague, or had he not been vague enough? And now he had to go. He knew where Charlie was going, but he had to get there before anything happened. He dialed Lily's cell phone, hoping that she wouldn't be working at her other job and would do him a favor. â€Å"Speak, ingrate,† Lily answered. â€Å"How did you know it was me?† Ray asked. â€Å"Ray?† â€Å"Yeah, how did you know it was me?† â€Å"I didn't,† Lily said. â€Å"What do you want?† â€Å"Can you come cover the store for me for a couple of hours?† Then, as he heard her take a deep breath that he was pretty sure would be propellant for verbal abuse, he added, â€Å"There's fifty bucks extra in it for you.† Ray heard her exhale. Yes! After graduating from the Culinary Institute, Lily had gotten a job as a sous chef at a bistro in North Beach, but she didn't make enough to move out of her mother's apartment yet, so she let Charlie talk her into keeping a couple of shifts at Asher's Secondhand, at least until he could find a replacement. â€Å"Okay, Ray, I'll come in for a couple of hours, but I have to be at the restaurant by five, so be back or I'm closing up early.† â€Å"Thanks, Lily.† Charlie sincerely hoped that Ray wasn't a serial killer, despite all the indications to the contrary. He would never have found this woman without Ray's police contacts, and what would he do in the future if he needed to find someone and Ray was in jail? Then again, Ray's experience as a cop could account for his never leaving any evidence. But why, then, would he continue to pursue the Filipino women over the Internet if he was just looking to kill people? Maybe that's what he did when he went to the Philippines to visit his paramours. Maybe he killed desperate Filipinas. Maybe Ray was a tourist serial killer. Deal with it later, Charlie thought. For now, there's a soul vessel to retrieve. Charlie got out of the cab outside of the Fontana, an apartment building just a block up from Ghirardelli Square, the waterfront chocolate factory turned tourist mall. The Fontana was a great, curved, concrete-and-glass building that commanded views of Alcatraz and the Golden Gate Bridge, and that had drawn the disdain of San Franciscans since it had been built in the 1960s. It wasn't that it was an ugly building, although no one would argue that it wasn't, but with the Victorian and Edwardian structures all around it, it looked very much like a giant air conditioner from outer space attacking a nineteenth-century neighborhood. However, the views from the apartments were exquisite, there was a doorman, underground parking, and a pool on the roof, so if you could handle the stigma of residing in an architectural pariah, it was a great place to live. The address Ray had given him for Madison was on the twenty-second floor, and so, presumably, was her soul vessel. Charlie wasn't sure of the exact range of his unnoticeability (he refused to think of it as invisibility, because it wasn't), but he hoped that it reached twenty-two floors. He was going to have to get past the doorman and into an elevator, and posing as an estate buyer wasn't going to work. Ah, well, nothing ventured, nothing gained. If he got caught, he'd just have to find another way in. He waited by the door until a young woman in business attire went in, then followed her into the lobby. The doorman didn't even look at him. Ray saw Charlie get out of the cab and told his own driver to stop a block away, where he hopped out, threw the driver a five and told him to keep the change, then dug in his pocket for the rest of the fare while the driver pounded on the wheel impatiently and cursed under his breath in Urdu. â€Å"Sorry, it's been a while since I took a cab,† Ray said. Ray had a car, a nice little Toyota, but the only parking place he could find was eight blocks away from his apartment in the parking lot of a hotel managed by a friend of his, and when you got a parking place in San Francisco, you kept it, so Ray mostly used public transportation and only drove the car on his days off to keep the battery charged. He'd jumped in a taxi outside Charlie's shop and shouted, â€Å"Follow that cab!† thus completely terrifying the Japanese family in the back. â€Å"Sorry,† Ray said. â€Å"Konichiwa. It's been a while since I took a cab.† Then he jumped back out and caught a cab that didn't have a fare. He sneaked quickly up the street, going from light post, to newspaper machine, to ad kiosk, ducking behind each, staying in his stealth-crouch, and achieving nothing whatsoever except to look like a complete loon to the kid standing at the bus stop across the street. He reached the underground parking entrance of the Fontana just as Charlie was making for the door. Ray crouched behind the key-card pillar. He wasn't sure what he was going to do if Charlie went for the building. Fortunately, he'd memorized Madison McKerny's phone number, and he could warn her that Charlie was coming. In the cab on the way down here he'd remembered where he'd seen her name: on the register at his health club. Madison McKerny was one of the midmorning fuck puppets from the gym, and as Ray suspected, Charlie was stalking her. He watched Charlie fall in behind a young woman in business dress who was heading up the walk into the Fontana, then Charlie was gone. Just gone. Ray came out onto the sidewalk to get a better angle. The woman was still there, she'd gone only a couple of steps, but he couldn't see Charlie. There were no bushes, no walls, the whole damn lobby was glass, where the hell had he gone? Ray was sure he hadn't looked away, he didn't even think he had blinked, and he would have seen any sudden move Charlie might have made. Reverting to the Beta Male's tendency to blame himself, Ray wondered if maybe he'd had some kind of petit mal seizure that had made him black out for a second. Whether he did or not, he had to warn Madison McKerny. He reached to his belt and felt the empty cell-phone clip, then remembered putting his phone under the register when he'd gotten to work that morning. Charlie found the right apartment and rang the bell. If he could get Madison McKerny to come out into the hallway, he could slip in behind her and look through her apartment for her soul vessel. Just down the hall there was a table with an artificial flower arrangement. He'd tipped it over, hoping she was compulsive or curious enough to come out of her apartment to get a closer look. If she wasn't home, well, he'd have to break in. Odds were that with a doorman downstairs, she didn't have an alarm system. But what if she could see him? Sometimes they could, the clients. Not often, but it happened, and – She opened the door. Charlie was stunned. She was stunning. Charlie stopped breathing and stared at her breasts. It wasn't that she was a young and gorgeous brunette, with perfect hair and perfect skin. Nor was it that she was wearing a thin, white silk robe that just barely concealed her swimsuit-model figure. Nor was it because she had disproportionately large but alert breasts that were straining against the robe and peeking out of the plunging neckline as she leaned out the door, although that would have been enough to render the hapless Beta breathless under any circumstances. It was that her breasts were glowing red, right through the silk robe, glowing right out of the dcolletage like twin rising suns, pulsating like the lightbulb boobies of a kitschy Hawaiian hula girl lamp. Madison McKerny's soul was residing in her breast implants. â€Å"I've got to get my hands on those,† Charlie said, forgetting that he wasn't exactly alone and he wasn't exactly thinking to himself. Then Madison McKerny noticed that Charlie was there and the screaming started.

How to get away with research

How to get away with research Rules to Entitle Research Paper Most of the readers will select an article, paper or a book judging from its title. And no matter what kind of content is hidden behind the heading, if the latter isn’t hackneyed, even the most captivating plot may remain undiscovered. But when it goes about scientific research paper entries, it’s not only title informativeness that matters. There are more important aspects to keep in mind. Make research paper title a self-sustainable one A title isn’t just a logical beginning of the paper. In fact, it’s a paper in itself though in a very concise form. Simply put, research paper heading should reflect the subject and the main purpose of the whole scientific work. If the title, taken separately from the content, doesn’t give an idea about the paper, it won’t attract readers’ attention either. Long or short title? - Make the one required by research paper type Many think that the shorter heading is, the more attractive it looks. Not always. Generally, all titles are divided into three categories: topic or nominal titles, statement or compound and sentence-long headings. Normally, nominal titles, that are the ones consisting of a few words, usually nouns, are the most popular. They are brief and laconic, but provide little information about the paper. Thus, they are more characteristic of an entertaining genre of writing. However, sentence-long titles aren’t peculiar for all research papers either. If, you’ve got an extended psychology research, for instance, then full-sentence heading is the best way to give a reader a focus of your paper. But in the rest of the cases up to 10-word long titles are preferable. Use appropriate language Writing a title for a research paper many limit themselves to a formal tone only. However, there are more â€Å"dos and don’ts† in crafting linguistically-correct heading for a research paper. Here is what you should do, when writing research paper title: Use scientific terms or words that define the nature of the research paper Use words or phrases that invite a reader to have a closer look at your research paper Use proper articles Make all notional words of the title capitalized And here is what can spoil your title and make it incorrect in terms of language use: Misuse of punctuation. While commas and even exclamatory mark are allowed to use in a title, other signs of punctuation such as semicolon and slash are forbidden Use of abbreviations Quotation marks that capture the whole title Remember that title is the first thing read. So, make it powerful using the rules above.

The Etymology (and Punctuation) of Fathers Day

The Etymology (and Punctuation) of Fathers Day The Etymology (and Punctuation) of Father’s Day Happy Fathers Day! And what better way to celebrate than with a little etymology? A slap-up meal followed by a nap in the sunshine, you say? There’ll be time for that later! For now, let’s look at where the word â€Å"father† comes from and why we use an apostrophe in â€Å"Fathers Day.† The Etymology of Father Our modern word â€Å"father† comes from the Old English fà ¦der, which meant â€Å"he who begets a child.† This is close to several words for fathers in other languages, including Old Norse (fathir), German (Vater), Sanskrit (pitar), and Latin and Greek (both use pater). In fact, the similarities between these words suggest a common source. As such, most experts trace â€Å"father† to a Proto-Indo-European term. And while we cannot know what this was exactly, it may have been something like pÉ™ter-. Fatherhood is tough when your kids look down on you. Pa, Papa, Dad, and More So if â€Å"father† comes from pÉ™ter-, where does this term come from? It may have evolved from the basic noise â€Å"pa,† which we still see in words like â€Å"papa.† The words â€Å"dad† and â€Å"dada† have similar origins in â€Å"da,† and we see these simple sounds in words for fathers all over the world. The main theory for why we see this pattern so much is that â€Å"da,† â€Å"pa,† and â€Å"ta† are some of the first noises babies can make. The same is true of the â€Å"ma† from â€Å"mama,† which becomes â€Å"mom.† As such, when babies start making noises like â€Å"da† and â€Å"pa,† we assume they’re addressing their parents. And over time, this has led to words like â€Å"dad† and â€Å"pa† entering our everyday speech. Fathers Day vs. Fathers Day As a rule, you should always include an apostrophe in Fathers Day. This is the traditional way of writing it, but it also makes sense. After all, you usually focus on your own father on this day. Thus, the â€Å"Father† in Fathers Day is typically one person, even if that person is different for each of us. Writing â€Å"Fathers Day† or â€Å"Fathers Day,† on the other hand, would imply you’re celebrating fathers in general. And while that would be admirable, you’d need a lot of stamps to send a card to every father in the world. All in all, then, you’re probably better off focusing on your own dad for today.